Targeting Deforestation Through Local Forest Governance in Indonesia and Vietnam

Ngo, Tri Dung and Mahdi, Mahdi Targeting Deforestation Through Local Forest Governance in Indonesia and Vietnam. In: Sustainable Natural resources Management in Dynamics Asia. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 273-287.

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Abstract

Community-based forest management (CBFM) is recognized as an effective solution to find a balance between forest conservation and livelihood improvement in localities. Both Indonesia and Vietnam initiated CBFM during the 1990s due to similar contexts of rapid deforestation, high rate of poverty, and urgent demand for local participation in forest management. Given the difference in geographical, socioeconomic and sociopolitical settings, the progress of CBFM setting and operation in each country was different. In Indonesia, the government has adopted traditionally favored large-scale, capital-intensive industries that had monopolized the forest economy, resulting in serious ecological and economic problems. This management style has caused serious illegal logging and forest conversion activities that destroyed 70% of country forest areas during last 50 years (Rukmantara, 2006). In Vietnam, the government has managed forests through its state forest enterprises (SFEs) since the country’s reunification in 1975. During the period 1943–1993, Vietnam lost about 5 million hectares of forests, which reduced forest cover from 43% to 27.8% (de Jong et al., 2006). Both countries have adopted centrally managed forest management systems where all decision- making power comes from the state. This system excludes local people from participating in the decision-making process, abandoning them from access to forest rights, and eliminating them from their forest-dependent livelihood practices. Consequently, it has caused serious impacts on ecological and economic issues at global, national, and local levels. This chapter identifies some common elements that influenced local forest governance through CBFM and their implications to ensure the access for the poor to natural resources for improving their livelihoods and guaranteeing the sustainability of the forest ecosystem service.

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