Activation Unproductive Coal Powder with Urea to Improve Chemical Properties of Ultisols

Abstract

This study consisted of two stages of the experiment, in which the first phase was aimed to test the level of activity unproductive coal powder (sub-bituminous) activated with urea (CO(NH₂)₂). Experiment II was aimed to select the dose of Urea was right in fixing chemical properties sub-bituminous powder to be applied to mineral soil acidic (Ultisols).  Experiment I form into activation powder sub-bituminous (50 g) with urea at a dose of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 %. The second experiment was shaped non-factorial consisting of 15 treatments combined with two replications. Combination treatments consisted of sub-bituminous Powder doses: 0.5; 1; and 1.5% by the weight of the soil and the dose activator defined based on the results of phase I trials of 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10% by weight of powder sub-bituminous. The results showed the higher amounts of activator used, the higher pH and CEC sub-bituminous Powder and increasing from emerging functional groups. The use of sub-bituminous Powder was activated with urea can improve some soil chemical properties such as increasing the pH, available P, organic-C, CEC and reducing Al-exch of Ultisols.