Anti vaccination movement in Indonesia: belief, knowledge and attitude

Hardisman, Dasman and Tetrawindu, Hidayatullah (2016) Anti vaccination movement in Indonesia: belief, knowledge and attitude. Wonca Europe Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Abstract

Background and Aim: in modern industrialized countries, scholarly knowledge taken from opposition to vaccination had been widely observed, ranging from the issue of vaccine side effects to religious beliefs or individual rights to refuse vaccination. in Indonesia, as industrialising country, also experienced with anti-vaccination, religious or belief issues may come into discussion, adding the reason to reject the vaccination program. The research aims to explore deeply the reasoning of the people in Indonesia, who oppose the vaccination, which include their belief, knowledge, attitude and action. Method: To collect preliminary data, an online survey was performed with few close questions covering demographic background, opinion on vaccination, and willingness to participate in the qualitative study. Fourteen people were willing to participate in the qualitative study voluntary and were interviewed using grounded theory approach. We analysed the data thematically and presented both narrative and descriptively. Results: From 138 participants surveyed, the reasoning for rejection to vaccination was mostly came from their own perception on scientific evidence (53.62%) followed by adherence to religious issue (46.38%). The media provides the information of their reasoning for rejecting vaccination (68.12%) while only 12.32% reflects their compliances to religious teachers for refusing vaccination. All interviewed participants believe that, along with their self-justification on scientific evidence from the media, vaccine contains porcine derived substances or other religiously forbidden materials and dangerous chemical or biological materials. for some participants non-active microbial ingredients on vaccines were also assumed, but they perceived the substances as weakening immunity and provoking disease vulnerability. Conclusions: Our study indicates that scientific reasoning in opposition to vaccination withdrawn mostly from the media argumentation, which had been used to support their self justification and religious reasoning. Health promotion and multidiscipline partnership is needed to overcome this challenge

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