Laporan KP4S 2018

Haliatur, Rahma and Jumsu, Trisno and Rita, Noveriza and Sri, Yuliani and Martinius, Martinius and Reflin, Reflin and Sri, Wahyuni and Nusyirwan, Nusyirwan Laporan KP4S 2018. Fakultas Pertanian. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease is a deadly disease of cocoa plants, because it attacks the vascular tissue growth point. The disease is caused by fungi Onchobasidium theobromae.The development and spread of this disease in Indonesia are quick Loss of yield due to VSD disease in worldwide can reach 30,000 tons per year. In Indonesia, especially in West Sumatra, the potential for yield loss has not been reported. in Padang Pariaman and Limapuluh Kota, many cocoa fields have been destroyed and replaced by other plants, because of the diseases that cause the leaves to fall, barren plants and no longer producing. Generally, efforts to control Onchobasidium theobromae in cocoa plants have been conducted, such as separation of infected seedlings (quarantine for 6 months), pruning the sick branches, resistant clone planting and the using of synthetic fungicides. However, it has not been effective yet. This pathogen is difficult to control because it is in vascular tissue. It is necessary to find a technology that utilizes the natural potential that may be able to control it. This study offers a way of managing VSD disease with the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to improve cocoa plant resistance to VSD disease and the utilization of vegetable pesticides from citronella plants can be utilized to limit the spread of fungal spores. The use of citronella extract has the potential to be developed for controlling VSD disease because it can suppress disease progression range in 38, 6% and 31.6%. The use of rhizobacteria to increase plant resistance has been widely reported, such as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Enterobacter spp. and they have the ability to increase cocoa plant resistance to VSD disease. Local organic materials as bulk bacterial mass propagation material are available in the field. Utilization of local organic materials aside from being a mass formulation of bacteria can also accelerate the process of maturation of organic materials that are used as biofertilizer plants. The availability of biopesticide and biofertilizer formulations from these bacteria will increase the resistance of cocoa plants to VSD disease in the field. On the other hand, the utilization of botanical pesticides from citronella plants can be utilized to limit the spread of fungal spores. To overcome the problem of VSD disease in cocoa plants, training activities are very necessary. Training activities are needed to introduce technological innovations to overcome farmers' ignorance in managing VSD disease at the farm level. Training activities are also needed to see the extent of changes in knowledge, attitudes of farmers, and farmer's behavior in managing VSD disease. This study aims at (1) dissemination and application of technology at the farm level best formulation of biopesticide BP3T-cow manure and nano pesticide Citronella in controlling VSD VSD disease in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Dissemination and mass testing of BP3T-cow manure biopesticide formulations and nano Lemongrass pesticides at the farm level was carried out in the form of demonstration plots with the VSD disease field school method of cocoa disease by utilizing local organic materials such as manure as BP3T formulations. Generally members of farmer groups, namely the Innovation, Aroma, Lobek and Maju Sejahtera cocoa groups in Limapuluh Kota Regency are male, aged 30-49 years, high school level formal education - Higher Education, take part in non-formal education 1-2 times, experience farming cocoa 1-10 years, the land is owned by itself with a land area of 0.2 - 0.7 ha, and the main job as a cocoa farmer. Characteristics of innovation show that generally members of farmer groups know the benefits of the BP3T-cow manure formula technology package, technology is in accordance with the resources owned by farmers and is easy to work with, and there are no significant obstacles in implementing it. Farmer's behavior shows that farmers know the effect of fertilizer in general on plants, fertilizers are obtained from fertilizer agents or produced by themselves, the results of synthetic fertilization and ordinary manure are quite good, although not optimal, farmers want BP3T manure technology, and how to tools and materials needed. Members of the farmer group showed behavior in the form of the attitude of wanting to implement the BP3T package for manure in the long term. In general, this is supported by the characteristics of innovation that has advantages and benefits, easily accessible resources, easy to work on and implement technology, results can be observed, and no significant obstacles. However, this desire is generally not related to the individual characteristics of farmers consisting of formal education, non-formal education, farming experience, land status, land area, main occupation, and gender. The impact of the application of BP3T-cow manure formulation and lemongrass nano pesticide was able to reduce the severity of VSD disease in the field with a range of 45.29% - 65.70% when compared to controls. Calculation of the average labor costs incurred per stem of cocoa plants with the application of BP3T cow manure and lemongrass nano pesticide is Rp. 18,400 and without application is Rp. 16,000. While the cost of the application material for the BP3T technology package for tree cow manure is Rp. 5,665 without an application that is Rp. 6,179. The dry seed production of cocoa farming is 1.9 kg / tree stem in the application of the BP3T technology package, without Manure and Nano Pesticides Citronella and 1.07 kg / tree trunk. The revenue received by the cocoa farming business with the application of the technology package BP3T-Manure and Nano Pesticide Citronella is Rp. 45,600 per tree trunk is greater than without an application which is only Rp. 25,680 per stem of cocoa trees. The standard cost and acceptance of dry seed production of cocoa farming is 2.66 tons / Ha per year in the application of the technology package BP3T-Manure and Nano Pesticide of citronella and 1,498 tons / Ha per year without application. The benefits obtained by the cocoa farming for the application of the BP3T-Manure and Nano Pesticide Citronella technology package are almost Rp. 22 million per year per hectare, while without an application it only gives a profit of Rp. 2.8 million per year per hectare. The R / C ratio value for both the technology application package and without the application shows results that are greater than 1, which is equal to 1.52, while without the application only 1.09, meaning that both farms are still feasible to develop. From the level of profitability of the technology package application it shows a value of 52.28% which is far greater than without an application which is only 8.57%. If the average loan interest rate for the Bank that currently applies is between 11-12%, then the cocoa farming with the application can be said to be very feasible, while the farming without the application provides a level of profit that is still below the average interest rate credit to the Bank. The BEP value of production from cocoa farming with the application of the BP3T-Enclosure Fertilizer and Nano Pesticide Citronella technology package is 1,746.79 kg per hectare and without application is 1,379.81 kg per hectare.

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